Can laws influence incidence of chronic illness Essay

Would laws be able to impact rate of ceaseless ailment - Essay Example Authorizing laws is one of the strategies that can help stop the predominance of corpulence and interminable illnesses. This paper will take a gander at the how instituting laws can help lessen the commonness of constant sicknesses and in the case of sanctioning such laws is moral. An ongoing exploration recommends that cigarette smoking is the main source of preventable passings (Meetoo, 2010). Be that as it may, this is in spite of the different open mindfulness endeavors and the laws that have been established throughout the years to stop this. Heftiness and constant infections are probably going to be the main sources of preventable demise later on if appropriate measures are not taken to address this hazard (Meetoo, 2010). The United States of America government throughout the years has authorized severe laws to help decrease cigarette smoking. The tobacco control act is one of such enactments whose primary points incorporate; making tobacco items progressively costly, keeping individuals from beginning utilizing tobacco and assisting those previously utilizing tobacco items with stopping. These laws have smallly affected controlling the utilization of tobacco items. Be that as it may, this impact can't go unnoticed, as it has helped spare numerous peopleà ¢â‚¬â„¢s lives. The legislature ought to leave on authorizing laws to help diminish the predominance of corpulence and ceaseless infections. Notwithstanding raising open mindfulness on the issue, laws will go far in decreasing the predominance of ceaseless sicknesses and guarantee it doesn't turn into the main source of preventable demise. The laws ought to chiefly focus at the advertising methodologies utilized by cheap food outlets, marking and naming of quick nourishments. The offer of sodas and inexpensive food items around and in schools ought to likewise be disallowed. The administration ought to likewise ensure that nutritious nourishments are sponsored to ensure they are moderate paying little heed to one’s monetary status (Meetoo, 2010). Is it moral to order laws that are focused on

A Prayer For Owen Meany Essay Topics

A Prayer For Owen Meany Essay TopicsA Prayer For Owen Meany Essay Topics is required to be done by a person when they plan to do an essay. These essays are written for a specific subject such as the history of a certain place, the present state of a certain country or a certain person's life that is worth knowing and gaining knowledge of. A good person who likes to learn and looking for more on the field of study must take note of this idea because it makes for an enlightening experience and gives one a leg up in life.A good number of the peoples in the world are still looking for a guide on how to prepare for essay topics. The different tips and ideas on how to go about essay topics are not found in one source. One must go through each of the sources before he can find a proper course on it. An interesting part about the subject of essay topics is that you need to keep a journal of what was discussed and discovered.When you decide to do an essay, you can choose from the different es say topics and prepare for one yourself or you can hire someone to do it for you. An essay can be divided into paragraphs to make things easier for you to remember. You must always remember that each paragraph has a specific objective in mind and the idea should be a sentence in itself.An essay is a powerful tool that allows you to know something about something that interests you. Most of the papers that students submit are to the colleges and universities where they want to get some sort of education that will help them in their career. It is important to note that the education that one gets will determine their success in life.One way that a person can learn about an essay topic is by doing a prayer for Owen Meany essay topics. The person must pray to God to give him something good and give him wisdom on this topic that he or she would like to know more about. Then he or she can try to find out the best sources that are readily available for that particular topic. After all, it is going to be a piece of cake.One thing that you can do to prepare for your prayer for Owen Meany essay topics is to read about the topic and visit various websites that talk about that topic. You should also check the grammar and punctuation of the document. Make sure that the papers have the right information in them. Make sure that the documents can serve your purpose of helping you get an education.A person can also make a prayer for Owen Meany essay topics by getting a list of different topics that he or she would like to learn more about. He or she can also search online for the best sources on that topic and find out how to prepare for it. Write down a list of papers that you would like to read and visit the web sites for each topic and look for the best ones. You can also compile the best papers on each topic and read them for guidance.Doing an essay can be quite fun especially if you have a prayer for Owen Meany essay topics. You can choose a topic that is interesting and useful for you. The subjects should be very clear so that you can easily understand them. Do not forget to share your thoughts about the paper with the class so that they can learn as well.

Military Industrial Complex Global Issue Or Exaggerated

Military-industrial complex: global issue or exaggerated? On January 17, 1961, the president of the United States of America – Dwight Eisenhower – gave his farewell speech. In this speech he addressed what he thought was a problem within the country, the military-industrial complex. He warned the people for the increasing influence of the military industry. Eisenhower said that military expenditure needed to be tightly controlled, whereas it started to grow beyond it needs. He urged the people to ‘accept the need for a large military infrastructure, oppose profiteering, support international cooperation, and ensure that their chosen representatives possessed the capability to engage in this delicate balancing act’ (Janiewski 2011, p.684). Chosen representatives should withhold military contractors to exploit the industry for personal gains. Economic gains should not be the reason for investments in the military, necessity should be. Janiewski argued for example, that the Soviet superiority in missile technology was overdone to exploit the industry domestically and was used by the Democrats in the elections. After the Korean War the president already tried to reduce the size of the military. However, organizations like the National Military-Industrial Conference (NMIC) and his political opponents kept advertising for investments in the military force, whereas the first group had personal gains on this matter and the second group used it as a way to gain political power. InShow MoreRelatedDr. Strangelove And The Cold War1954 Words   |  8 Pagesholds. In Dr. Strangelove, General Jack D. Ripper goes insane and impulsively orders a fighter plane to drop nuclear warheads on Russia. Even worse, no one is able to contact that plane other than General Ripper, causing the U.S. President and his military advisors to evaluate what their next move should be. The film is a comedic parody based on the actual Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, but explores some of the consequences that human civilization could have potentially faced if certainRead MoreDr. Strangelove And The Cold War1997 Words   |  8 Pagesholds. In Dr. Strangelove, General Jack D. Ripper goes insane and impulsively orders a fighter plane to drop nuclear warheads on Russia. Even worse, no one is able to contact that plane other than General Ripper, causing the U.S. President and his military advisors to evaluate what their next move should be. The film is a parody based on the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, but explores some of the consequences that human civilization could have potentially faced if certain orders hadRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages(9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time, without serious attention to the processes and misguided policies that led to decades of agrarian and industrial depression fromRead MoreCipd Int Diploma Reward Management 5rwm3408 Words   |  14 Pageslower cost labour in third world countries and being seen as not rewarding them fairly. Then there are the International Tax avoiders who due to complex company structures avoid paying UK Corporation Tax. All these can have a negative impact on the brand image. g. Global/International: Benefits of globalisation are not always evenly spread within the global market. However it does give better freedom of movement of labour where companies require it the most. Historically we have seen many of the UK’sRead MoreThe Airline Industry: Facing The Challenges Of The 21st Century20678 Words   |  83 PagesThe Airline Industry: Facing The Challenges Of The 21st Century Peter W Jones Volume 1 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE Information Booklet Series III October 2004 GLOBAL THINKING RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................3 AIR JAMAICA AND GOVERNMENT SPENDING..............................................................4 SOCIAL AND LABOUR CONSEQUENCESRead MoreThe Historical Transformation of Work14383 Words   |  58 PagesHISTORICAL TRANSFORMATION OF WORK 1 Chapter contents Work in pre-industrial societies Work in industrial capitalist societies Main features of work in industrial capitalist societies Capitalist industrialization and the primacy of work Crises and industrial capitalism Technological and organizational change The rise of trade unions Women and work in the development of industrial capitalism The dominant conception of work in industrial capitalism Summary and conclusions Further reading Questions forRead MoreFinancial System of Kazakhstan4569 Words   |  19 Pagescredit institutes of different function. Subject of my research is set of the financial and monetary and credit relations demanding the new approach to their regulation in the conditions of transition to market economy. A methodological basis the complex system approach to studying of a problem of reforming of financially-credit system of Republic Kazakhstan in the conditions of transition to market economy makes, applications in these purposes of various concepts of world economic thought on increaseRead MoreInternal Threats to Pakistan10157 Words   |  41 Pageseducation and economical well being and prosperity remains a distant dream. 3. Presently, Pakistan is passing through a critical phase of its history. The internal fabric of the society is badly damaged and the nation seems to be divided on almost every issue. On one hand the economical disparities are inculcating a deep sense of deprivation amongst a major segment of the society and on the other the judiciary is yet not ready to demonstrate the character, which is expected from them, thus leaving an insecureRead MoreP1: Describe How Marketing Techniques Are Used to Market Products in Two Organisations4147 Words   |  17 Pagesperformance, and demonstrate a positive return on the resources they are endowed with. The public sector is the part of economic life, not in private ownership, that deals with the production, delivery, and allocation of basic public goods and services at global,1 regional, national,2 or local levels. (Its processes and structures can take the form of direct administration, public corporations, and partial outsourcing. Its activities are funded through government expenditure financed by seigniorage, taxesRead MoreTransportation in Food Industry7769 Words   |  32 Pages1.0 Introduction Transportation is the movement of people and goods from one location to another. Throughout history, the economic wealth and military power of a people or a nation have been closely tied to efficient methods of transportation. Transportation provides access to natural resources and promotes trade, allowing a nation to accumulate wealth and power. Transportation also allows the movement of equipment and food supplies so that a nation can have access to food all year round. Transportation

A Man With No Bounds Essay - 1005 Words

Franklin D. Roosevelt he is not just a person, he is a legacy the way he approached problems in his time â€Å"in charge†. The way he spoke to people was just outright amazing, like in his Infamy Speech after Pearl Harbor when he said, â€Å"With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us God.† While in his long presidency, Franklin D. Roosevelt was considered by many, a amazing president who made all the right decisions. Franklin D. Roosevelt was at the time an important notable person that had a amazing power to fix problems with the right decisions. He became notable because in the worst days of the Depression he did not doubt himself with the problems ahead,†¦show more content†¦(11) He was then told by some of his friends who were democrats that he should run for political office, he then jumped to the chance which was a great decision as he finds out and ran for state senate in upstate New York where he won for two terms but ended up not finishing his second one. (11) Through his work in the state senate he befriended a Mr. Woodrow Wilson who happened to be president at the time. (11) Wilson then gave Franklin D. Roosevelt the position of assistant secretary for the Navy. (11) So by the time Franklin D. Roosevelt finally came to be president he had an abundance of experience with law and politics as well as helping people. Out of all the 44 presidents there have been Franklin D. Roosevelt held the spot for the longest time, 4,422 days to be exact. (6) He held his position for 4 terms and died in his final term. There were many events that occurred through the 12 years he was in office including but not limited to the Great Depression, World War II, and the Holocaust, which is mainly the reason he ran for those two last terms because he knew he could fix these problems. (6) In the time Franklin D. Roosevelt had in office he did many amazing decisi ons leaving a legacy and the record for longest presidency. Franklin D. Roosevelt was brought into the presidential spot in a low time for the United States, known as the Great Depression.Show MoreRelated##und Man, By Ilse Aichinger And The Handsomest Drowned Man In The World1362 Words   |  6 PagesA man is limited physically by a rope tied around his hands and feet. Villagers are limited intellectually where none of them have traveled around the world or they have not seen any of the natural beauties and diversities that the world has to offer. One is limited quite simply and clearly while the other simply cannot fathom the awe-inspiring sight bestowed upon them. These are the unlikely scenarios that confront readers of â€Å"The Bound Man,† by Ilse Aichinger, and â€Å"The Handsomest Drowned Man inRead MoreEssay about Character Analysis: Zeus and Prometheus 1307 Words   |  6 Pagesfire from Zeus and gave it to man against Zeus’ approval. Though Prometheus is considered a trickster and stole fire, his real crime is a disobedience to Zeus. However, in that statement it is hard to consider caring for man or humans a crime. It is obvious in both stories that Zeus’ reign is sovereign, and Prometheus went against Zeus’ sovereignty. However, what Prometheus did was good for the human race. In Zeus’ eye, man was considered inferior and he wanted man to be destroyed. If PrometheusRead MoreFootbinding: Domination or Choice? Essay1028 Words   |  5 Pages Although no definite reason or person has been identified as responsible for the birth of footbinding, there are a few theories. One deals with the Shang dynastys last empress malformed feet. Some say she had club feet, bound them in attempts to distil beauty from malformation, and convinced her spouse to make the compression of feet obligatory for young girls (Levy, 37). Another scenario involves the Mongols attempting to impair the health of the Ch inese women in order to weaken the ChineseRead MoreMarriage And Divorce : Christianity And Islam1241 Words   |  5 Pagesof St. Paul to the Corinthians, marriage and divorce are two concepts of life that are sentimental to the entire nature and progress of human life. Whereas in The Koran, marriage is something that is done for the fulfillment of what God intended for man to do in the world. In both religions, which is Christianity and Islam, marriage is an acceptance that has to be done, but under a will from the humanity. Both Christianity and Islam practice marriage as an ordained activity that has to be done to markRead MoreCyrano Honorable Man995 Words   |  4 Pagesoutweigh other characters honor. Cyrano is an honorable man. To begin with, he shows his honor in many ways, but he does not do it to receive praise, he does it because of his faithful personality. For example, when Cyrano hears about the hundred men sent to kill Ligniere, Cyrano has far too much dignity to let Ligniere die when there was something he could do about it. â€Å" A hundred- is that all? You are going home... Forward march! I say I’ll be the man to-night that sees you home. Cyrano speaks towardsRead MoreThe Objectivity and Rationality of Morality Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pagesbehind a moral choice and out of this is borne the dignity of man. On the other hand, acting out of inclination (emotions) is not moral because it is either based on self interest or because one is bound to do so by his conscience. Acting out of duty in Kant’s point of view is acting in respect to the moral law which is determined by what he calls the â€Å"Categorical Imperative†. The Categorical Imperative is bound by three basic principles which state that before an actionRead More A Comparison of Seamus Heaneys Poem Digging and The song of the old mother, by William Butler Yeats1338 Words   |  6 PagesYeats. First of all in Heaneys poem he is talking about himself as a child to his grandfather, while Yeats is talking about the older people to the younger generation. My grandfather cut more turf in a day, Than any other man in toners bog. This quote shows that Heaney was talking as a child to his grandfather. And the young lie long and dream in their bed. This quote shows that Yeats is talking about the younger generation and by calling themRead MoreAbnormal Psychology and Culture-Bound Syndromes1690 Words   |  7 PagesAbnormal Psychology and Culture-Bound Syndromes As many of us know, there are unlimited differences in cultures around the world from religion to the way we communicate with one another. What many of us may not know, however, is that there are actually specific psychological disorders found only in certain areas of the world. There are several well known culture-bound disorders as well as variances in disorders and on theoretical reasons behind the disorders themselves that will be discussedRead More Chinese Women Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pageswith her husband’s family, where she was subordinate to her mother-in-law. In some cases, female infants were subjected to a high rate of infanticide, or sold as slaves to wealthy families. Men were permitted to take as many wives as they wished and bound feet, which were customary even for peasant women, symbolized the painful constraints of the female role. Chinese women were considered second-class citizens and were subject to the wishes and restraints of men. The basic unit of Chinese societyRead MoreThe Prince And His Power1675 Words   |  7 Pagesignores the question of good and evil, morality and immorality because the end justifies the means. A prince may only take a life or property when there is proper justification and reason for it. He also must know how to use both the beast and the man for fighting (Perry p. 311). A prince must make sure to not be cruel and benefit his subjects or they will revolt. Furthermore, A prince must â€Å"seem merciful, faithful, humane, sincere, religious, and also to be so; but you must have the mind so disposed

Should Abortion Be Legal - 1548 Words

The definition of abortion is quite simple. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often done within the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. Any life is precious, no matter if it is wanted nor unwanted. The way that a woman’s body can change within a few weeks and how much a baby can develop is pretty magical. When a couple have intercourse, they obviously know the consequences. Consequences being that if you do not use protection then a baby will be the outcome. Abortion is immoral and it is the killing of a precious human that has no say in anything just yet. When these adults are even questioning about having an abortion, they need to ask themselves, is it right killing a life that can later effect the world in some†¦show more content†¦To end an innocent child’s life using rather horrific procedures is not only wrong for doctors to perform, but it is morally wrong. When couples think about their options when having a child there are thre e options. One being that you can keep the baby, second being you can put it up for adoption, and lastly you can have an abortion. The people that usually have these abortions are younger women who do not fully understand what they are doing to a precious human life, or there are a selected few adults that know in their pregnancy that they will have very many complications and it would risk the child’s life anyways. Abortion is wrong in every way possible because it is wrongfully killing a human being that has no say in anything. This human can have a life, dreams, wishes, etc. Instead of having so many abortions these women can put these children up for adoption, so that other families get the chance to be able to have a family when they are not able to have their own. Another way that abortion is morally wrong is the fact that when a woman has an abortion it could later lead to having too many difficulties in later pregnancies in life if they do end up wanting children in t heir later future. Complications for example be that they could have later miscarriages, ectopic pregnancies being that this fetus develops outside of the womb, also being called a tubal pregnancy. Another reason that abortion

System And Structure Communication Exchange - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the System And Structure Communication Exchange. Answer: Becoming a Professional The essay aims to catalogue in a neat and comprehensible manner self assessment based on two evidence based examples which would enumerate the qualities essential for the self assessment. It will also include an index of qualities and their advantages that would be beneficial in the improvement of ones capabilities helping to achieve the short and medium term goals. The study will be responsible to assess different skills and advantages in an individuals life. With evidence based assessment of the development of skills the reflective self-assessment journal will be thorough and complete. A list of short as well as medium term goals will also be briefed to improve academic, career aspiration and different other professional goals..The 2 best pieces of evidence I have gathered. During the report process, I was being given a situation where I had to come up with a plan regarding a sales company. As a part of that task I had to identify potential customers and analyze the areas where the density of these customers will be highest. Furthermore, I was also asked to critically assess the potential obstacles in the way of selling of the product. However, I performed excellently in outlining the core problems and sketched effective measures that would help to deal with the issues effectively. I was additionally given the benefit of analyze my critical thinking skill when I logically analyzed the whole market scenario and ventured on to take inventive measures. My effective measures also included a slight change in the way they endorse their product- the logo, the caption and the background color that lacked luster. Therefore sketching product selling strategies I clarified the nature of the main problem and with the collected information tried to come up with brai nstorming ideas to select the best solution for the crisis that is, the lack of product selling in certain areas. I helped my team members to implement the solution keeping in consideration a number of factors like availability of resources like time, money and number of workers. This showed by research skills which is an important exponent of good professional and professional judgments and initiative. I was able to affluently search the data, apply strategies and critically analyze them to know the ethical and practical measures. Therefore, I have realized that I have good professional and professional judgments and initiative. I carefully constructed strategies that would help me and my team to face potential risks and scenarios of crisis equipped with ideas and remedies. I also got appreciation from my team members for my result-oriented ideas and resourcefulness. During the ongoing of the project, however I met with the chance of reviewing my effective communication skills. I was confronted with the challenge of selling notebooks to people in a random market area. To proceed with this task, I had to employ both my imaginative faculties and communication skills to ensure that the notebook is looking class and better than ordinary notebooks. Additionally, I had to ensure the other factors like the physical appearance of the notebook and my convincing skills which will help me in molding their thoughts and understand the necessity as well as the worth of the product. I designed the cover as well as chose bright colored notebooks with alluring pictures of comics and celebrity slogans. I played a part in making them realize the value of a bohemian piece of product in their daily monotonous life and presented the books in a way that made kept them on a pedestal higher than the ordinary ones. I arranged the notebooks according to their genres and ti me period and made the colors look beautiful by juxtaposing the dull with the vibrant. In this manner I was able to execute my task of selling the pieces and influencing my team for active collaboration on the same. Analysis and reflections about the process of self-assessment that I have undertaken. Effective Communication skills: The process of self-evaluation helped me to both work on my weaknesses and improve them for my own benefit. The above two tasks tested my cognitive skills and polished the understanding of concepts and ideas which resulted in producing positive results. During the ongoing of the project I was put under circumstances which helped me to develop my reasons, logical analysis, resourcefulness, innovation and the power to implement imaginative skills during crucial juncture. Critical thinking has made me work on my communication which has further increased my performance rate in the academia because it prompted me to make better usage of my thinking skills for coherent argument. In order to analyze the development of my communication faculties, I undertook the task of selling notebooks through comprehending the psychology of the customers buying the particular product- notebook. One of the many advantages of the self-assessment task is that it helped me to g enerate knowledge and made usage of the same in order to develop my meta-cognition skills. It helped me in developing communication and assessing the psychology of customers, which in my university life has helped me immensely in debates, where I was helped in constructing arguments and counterarguments during my academic life. The development of effective communication skills helped me during my University phrase, to view a problem or hindrance from different viewpoints as to come up with better solutions. The communication Theory Framework states that from a Mechanistic view point, communication is at its bare essential, the transmission of information from first party to second party. With the help of critical thinking, however, I learnt to follow the thought process of an individual and line of reasoning to establish a better argument. It allowed me to possess a broader spectrum of different viewpoints and helped me to understand that an argument which is effective in one situat ion might not be the same in a different situation. Professional and Personal Judgments and Initiatives- the nurturing of problem solving skills during my academia helped me enormously in acquiring a logical and methodical approach to problems. I implemented the same in my academia by making use of creativity or lateral thinking. The same helped me ingratiate a number of steps like- identifying the core problem, defining the problem to come up with a number of solutions, making use of information and data and examining the options and scrutinizing it carefully, acting on the set of plans after a thorough examination of its consequence. Developing my analytical skills helped me perform excellently in mind games, which required a clever handling of crosswords, riddles, chess, bridge etc. The same helped me immensely in diagnosing problems and evaluating the situation to mold it in my favor. I was also able to implements by degree knowledge in various practical situations like field work, extracting customers genuine opinions about a pro duct or service and maintain their confidentiality at the same time. I was also capable of leading my team to increase the sales of products by a number of measures like knowing in-depth of the demographics of the regions we are trying to sell, collect data about the customers and their professions. Here are some of the steps required for development of professional and professional judgments and initiative by developing problem solving and analytical skills in daily life: To examine the development of my problem solving skills and abilities I undertook the task of examining a situation and implementing strategies that would be helpful in increasing the sale of the product. With the help of my cognitive skills I was to implement brainstorming ideas that would be instrumental in improving every aspect of the crisis. With the help of collaborative designs, I was also encouraged to work as a team where I had to consider different perspectives and their lacks. With the help of mind-mapping I was able to draw connections between a number of ideas and perspectives. In case of academia, mind-mapping stimulated me to associate one or more ideas and incorporate them in my projects and assignments. This made me incorporate within myself a number of qualities like to possess a clear view of what actually is the problem and the different opportunities situated within a problem. Developing strategies to increase sales provided me the opportunity to work on spontane ous thinking and generating new ideas both individually and as a collaborative member of a team. Problem solving skills initially helped me to develop decision making skills using analytical and critical skills to come up with positive results. It helped me to become resourceful the quality which personally helped me a lot in my academia. Resourcefulness helped me to confront several stress inducing challenges in my academic life and helped me to develop within myself a number of important qualities. The qualities like positive self-statements which will be effective to assess how far a particular strategy will be effective in a situation. Furthermore, problem solving skills helped me to mold myself into a resilient individual and helped me to imbibe within myself self-stressor. Throughout my university it helped me to maintain a positive approach even during the worst of times. My goals for both short term (12 months) and medium term (2-3 years) that will help me to attain academic and professional goals. Be a Part of Extracurricular Activities This will help me to analyze my interests and understand core competencies. Furthermore these activities will also help me to become more active and instigates to take faster and efficient decisions in a crucial juncture. Extracurricular activities will also help me to brush my relationship skills. Develop Interpersonal Skills This would help me to imbibe within myself excellent and consistent communication skills. The same will also help me in my workplace as interpersonal skills will help me to work on my behavioral, collaboration and conflict management skills. With the help of interpersonal skills I will also be able to brush my creative side which would help me to accept challenges both inside and outside my academic peripheries. Learn a Language Learning a language will help to eradicate business barriers as much as practicable and use it for personal as well as community benefits. Complete my Courses on Time The completion of my course within the stipulated time will help me to prepare myself for various internships and programs to which I intend to apply. I believe to become a successful professional internships will benefit me by shaping me into one. It would also help me to keep a track of my progress and complete the various. Completing my course on time will also provide me with a competitive edge and help me to invest my potential in professional spheres. Working on Riddles In order to perform excellently in logical reasoning I would like to concentrate on solving riddles. The same will also help me to improve my cognitive skills and faculties and invest the same in professional life. Since riddles also improves and nurtures other skills like sustained attention that will help me to stay focused and calm. Bibliography List: Adler, R., Rodman, G.R. and DuPr, A., 2016. Understanding human communication. Oxford University Press. Adodo, S.O., 2013. Effect of mind-mapping as a self-regulated learning strategy on students achievement in basic science and technology. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(6), p.163. Boud, D., 2013. Enhancing learning through self-assessment.Routledge. Bovee, C.L., Thill, J.V. and Raina, R.L., 2016. Business communication today. Pearson Education India. Chiu, C.M., Wang, E.T., Fang, Y.H. and Huang, H.Y., 2014. Understanding customers' repeat purchase intentions in B2C e?commerce: the roles of utilitarian value, hedonic value and perceived risk. Information Systems Journal, 24(1), pp.85-114. Falchikov, N., 2013. Improving assessment through student involvement: Practical solutions for aiding learning in higher and further education. Routledge. Fleisher, C.S. and Bensoussan, B.E., 2015. Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. McPeck, J.E., 2016. Critical thinking and education.Routledge. Moon, J.A., 2013. Reflection in learning and professional development: Theory and practice.Routledge. Saleem, A., Ghafar, A., Ibrahim, M., Yousuf, M. and Ahmed, N., 2015. Product perceived quality and purchase intention with consumer satisfaction. Global Journal of Management And Business Research. West, D.C., Ford, J. and Ibrahim, E., 2015. Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press, USA. Wilden, A. ed., 2013. System and Structure: Essays in communication and exchange second edition (Vol. 11). Routledge. Bamberger, P.A., Biron, M. and Meshoulam, I., 2014. Human resource strategy: Formulation, implementation, and impact.Routledge. Garvey, W.D., 2014. Communication: the essence of science: facilitating information exchange among librarians, scientists, engineers and students. Elsevier. Hwang, G.J., Kuo, F.R., Chen, N.S. and Ho, H.J., 2014. Effects of an integrated concept mapping and web-based problem-solving approach on students' learning achievements, perceptions and cognitive loads. Computers Education, 71, pp.77-86. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017. Strategic management and business policy.pearson

A Study on Employee Attitude and Leadership Behaviour free essay sample

ABSTRACT The Research titled namely â€Å"A Study on Employee attitude Leadership Style† is a research study conducted among various managers in different functional areas in Sify Software Limited Everonn Education Limited. In this research study, the researcher has made an attempt to identify the various styles followed by leaders due to different behavior among employees. The study mainly focus on the various attitudes of employee’s in different groups and its impact of the performance if individual, group or team organization. Further, the study also focuses on finding out the significant relationship between the attitude of employees and its impact of completion of module, work, deadlines, and target. This study is limited to the managers working at Sify Software Limited Everonn Education Limited. The Researcher has proposed to use descriptive type of research Analytical type of result. The Researcher has proposed to use descriptive type research, in order to collect the real facts from the respondent’s regarding the attitude of the employees. We will write a custom essay sample on A Study on Employee Attitude and Leadership Behaviour or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Researcher has also proposed to use Analytical type of result to analyze the behavior of employees and its impact of deadline productivity. Once the data has been collected from the respondents (Managers), the Researcher has proposed to use various statistical tools like Percentage Analysis, Weighted Average Method, Chi-Square Method, One-Sample Run Test, etc. , and in order to analysis the various types of behaviors, the researcher has also planned to use cause and effect of diagram. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1INTRODUCTION Employee values, attitudes, and leadership behavior play a very important role in enhancing employee work motivation and performance. Employee work values, attitudes and leadership behavior can carefully be adjusted to produce a strong impact on employee work motivation. It would, therefore, be interesting to examine the precise nature of their roles in influencing the intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation of employees. Individuals vary in their value systems. For example, achievement is a concern for the advancement of one’s career while concern for others may reflect caring, compassionate. Supervisory behavior may vary considerably in the same job situation. Behaviors such as encouraging other employees or helping others work on difficult tasks. A supervisory behavior may adopt democratic orientation or punishment when interacting with employees and thus may affect the work behavior. Though research on leadership styles, work values, and attitudes is concerned with finding the conclusions as to what specific leader behavior, work values and attitudes would produce a strong impact on employee work motivation and performance, no clear-cut conclusions have yet been rendered. It is, therefore, necessary to examine these issues, on a relative basis, which characteristics may act as more effective motivators in employee motivation and work performance. With such an understanding, management would better be able to use available motivational tools for their maximum impact on employee work performance. Thus the objective of this study is to examine the importance of values, attitudes and leadership behaviors in employee work motivation and performance. To gain a deeper insight into the exact nature of such influence, the roles of employee values, attitudes and leadership behavior in influencing intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation and performance are examined. Finally, the study explores the managerial implications of the findings and discusses the actions that might lead to improvements in employee motivation. VALUES, ATTITUDES AND EMPLOYEE WORK MOTIVATION The following description relates to values, attitudes, and employee motivation. VALUES Values are enduring beliefs that a specific mode of conduct or end state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end state of existence (Rokeach, M 1973). Some basic values, which are expected to affect the attitude and work motivation of an employee, would logically include: Family: The extent to which the job offers family well-being to the employees Recreation: The extent to which the job offers recreational facilities to the employees A sense of accomplishment: The degree to which the person feels the job gives the person a sense of accomplishment after the job is done. Advancing at the company: The degree to which the person feels the job will create opportunities for advancement. Financial security: The extent to which the job offers financial security to person. Integrity: The extent to which the job provides information accurately and emphasizes impartiality and recognizes different points of view ATTITUDES Attitudes are not the same as values. Attitudes are evaluative statements –either favorable or unfavorable—concerning objects people, or events. It has been treated both as a general attitude and as satisfaction with five specific dimensions of job: pay, the work itself, promotion, opportunities, supervision and co-workers (Smith, Kendall, and Hulin, 1969; Balzer and Smith et al, 1990). The combined effects of these factors produce for the individual some measure of satisfaction and dissatisfaction (Herzberg, Mausner, and Snyderman, 1959). Definitions of these five dimensions of the job are given as under: Definitions of key Job Dimensions Job DimensionsDefinition Work SatisfactionThe extent to which an employee is satisfied with work, including opportunities for creativity and task variety, allowing an individual to increase his or her knowledge, changes in responsibility, amount of work, security, and job enrichment (Balzer and Smith et al, 1990; Smith et al, 1969) Pay SatisfactionThe extent to which an employee forms an attitude toward pay based on perceived difference between actual pay and the expected pay. Expected pay is based on the value of perceived inputs and outputs of the job and the pay of other employees holding similar jobs or possessing similar qualifications (Balzer and Smith et al, 1990) Supervision SatisfactionThe extent to which an employee is satisfied with his or supervision, as measured by consideration and employee-centered actions of the supervisor and the perceived competency of the supervisor by the subordinate (Balzer and Smith et al, 1990, Herzberg et al, 1957) Satisfaction with promotionsThe degree to which an employee is satisfied with the Company’s promotion policy, including frequency of promotions, and the desirability of promotions (Balzer and Smith et al, 1990, Herzberg et al 1957) Co-workers’ SatisfactionThe work-related interaction and the mutual liking or admiration of fellow employees (Bazler and Smith et al, 1990, Smith et al, 1969, Alderfer, 1969) Overall Job SatisfactionThe extent to which an individual’s desires, expectations and needs are fulfilled by employment (Szilagi, Sims, and Terrill, 1977) 1. 2INDUSTRY PROFILE As the study is applicable only for e-Learning industry let us have a brief introduction about the software industry below. The current e-learning boom in India has added to the existing woes. Standards apart, the industry hangs on the edge where processes and players are dubious. Much of this blame can be put on the Indian government’s inability to put together a regulatory body. Unregulated and unstructured, the e-learning industry in India is likely to wreck havoc for the global e-learning industry as small vendors pile up huge learning garbage for clients worldwide. E-learning in India has come of age. Two decades and the nation already cherish several global e-learning players on its soil. This can be attributed to some basic reasons like cheap human resources, a large pool of English-speaking workforce and ‘business discounts’ offered by the central and state governments. Although exact figures of the size of the industry is not available, a conservative estimate shows the offshore e-learning industry at about $150 million in 2004-05, up almost by 200 percent in the last two years. In spite such impressive figures, the e-learning industry in India remains mired with a plethora of issues. Some of these issues include lack of uniform e-learning standards and workplace practices, and the lack of adequate human resources to power the spiraling upward growth. These concerns apart, government apathy has also bolstered fly-by-night e-learning entrepreneurs who eye quick bucks and increasingly deliver ‘learning garbage’ to a global clientele. Smaller vendors in India have setup e-learning business houses with paltry investments of a few thousand dollars – in the hope of getting a sizeable pie of the global e-learning business. Most of these short-term vendors run their shows from North India – from places in and around the National Capital Region of Delhi. The modus operandi for these vendors is simple. They rent in a couple of rooms in an urban area and advertise for resources in job websites and newspapers. Writers, designers and technology professionals – mostly unskilled – are hired by the dozens. The average salary of the employees ranges anything between $100 to $400 and the working hours stretch well over 72 hours per week. Next, these companies setup small sales calling teams to call up international clients asking for work. The sales pitch is often exaggerated and boasts of a few â€Å"big names†. To show their experience, these vendors cull-out a few odd CBT’s from other companies or ‘steal’ courses through their contacts. The basic quality that behooves a standard e-learning company is absent in these companies. Proprietors remain ignorant of even the most basic information that is essential to run the show. A Java programmer, for example, is asked to hone his skills in C++ or any other program since he is responsible for all ‘programming’ needs. Almost anyone who walks in for the position of writers is employed as an ‘instructional designer’, primarily because they can be asked to work for lesser salaries on the pretext that they lack instructional designing experience. Vendors also rely on these writers to validate the learning content for authenticity even when content validation remains the domain of the expert, the Subject Matter Expert (SME). The writers and designers are instructed to download content from Internet websites and ‘rewrite’ them before using it. A basic ignorance of the Internet medium on the part of the owners means that the writers are often confused with the content because no single idea or information on the Internet appears consistent. E-learning processes are virtually absent in these companies. All that offers a direct benefit to the proprietor becomes part of the practiced processes. A Project Manager, for example, may be required to recruit people, review e-learning courses, undertake marketing activities, and do just anything that catches the fancy of the owner. In some companies, it was observed that programmers were asked to work as typists. The motto: no resource should sit idle. Employees who work for more than 9 hours a day are neither paid additional remuneration nor are given facilities like cabs and food for their late stay and long hours of work. As an e-learning professional once remarked, â€Å"employees in these fly-by-night ventures reminds one of the rampant practice of human slavery in Africa and Arabian countries a few centuries back. Professional torture apart, these employees are also subjected to extremely inhuman conditions of work – congested workplace, outdated computers, stinking toilets, and the same paltry salary year after year. Employees in these companies too appear to have resigned to their fates – partly because their poor education that doesn’t stand them in good stead for jobs in big e-learning MNCs and also because most do not have a professional competence in English language. This phenomenon is rarely reported by any section of the Indian media, perhaps due to ignorance or for fear of antagonizing the international fraternity. The abysmal condition and the unplanned e-learning sector, however, have both a positive and a negative side to it. The positive side is that these e-learning ventures help to reinforce the fact that there is no alternate to quality, and quality comes from the big guys, not the fly-by-night operators. The flipside is that the employees in tiny Indian -learning ventures rarely get the exposure to standard work processes and world-class e-learning products thereby subjecting themselves to professional impairment. Unfortunate for the Indian e-learning industry, at a n era of globalization and information revolution, Indian laws too have failed to contain these IT hawks. While the existing labour laws do have provisions against inhuman practices in the private workplace, in practice they remain a mirage. Most of the employees neither have the financial resources to chase litigation nor are they willing to ‘waste’ their time. The Southern part of India presents a striking contrast to the North. Recent years have seen a rapid and strategic development of global e-learning companies in the South, in places like Bangalore and Chennai. Several global players have also setup their centers in Pune, Mumbai and Hyderabad. Not surprising, the South has become a favorite e-learning destinations for serious e-learning players because of the absence of the mayhem so rampant in the Northern part of the country. Although the same Indian laws apply to all states across India, security and infrastructure is usually better in the Southern states than in the North. Consequently, most of these global giants are reluctant to setup their operations in the North for obvious reasons: lax security, incompetent e-learning resources, and rampant corruption. However of all the paraphernalia, one primary reason that dissuades the big names in e-learning from setting bases in North India is the abysmally poor skill-sets of the workforce here. In an era of cut-throat competition, generalized skills fetch little or paltry returns. In the past companies like Tata Interactive Services, Brainvisa, Sify e-learning and Accenture have all failed to locate substantial trained workforce from the North for its setups in the South. Amidst all the rigmarole, smaller global clients seeking ‘cheap’ e-learning courses remain unconcerned about the operatives of these vile businessmen. The only thing that seemingly matters for them is ‘cheaper products’, even if it comes in poor quality or if the employees who developed them are subjected to inhuman practices. Its time that global clients shed their ignorance and act responsibly by seeking detailed credentials from smaller e-learning vendors in India on their HR processes, employee welfare schemes and workforce competence. Failing to do this will not result in the development of shabby e-learning courses. The state of e-learning in India, particularly the frenzy in North India, remains a serious concern for the industry. Either the law of the land has to haul-up the desperados or wait till the hawks eat up the industry for the worse. A regulatory authority is essential now, if the industry is to survive and prosper. Money-eyed hawks can’t be allowed to have a field day. If they hang around for long, the death of the industry in India is imminent. 1. 3 COMPANY HISTORY 1. 3. 1 SIFY SOFTWARE LIMITED Sify eLearning was formed in December 2000. With over 8 years of experience in the training domain and our speciality in Instructional Design and Interactive Multimedia Content Development, we have developed over 5000 hours of learning content comprising Web based training (WBT), Computer based training (CBT), and Instructor Led training (ILT) courses. We have close to 300 employees located in our offices in India, the US, UK, and the Middle East. In India, Sifys offices are located in Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai, and Bangalore. Sify eLearning, which ranks among the top three eLearning Services providers in India, is a part of Sify Technologies Ltd. (NASDAQ:SIFY), with a revenue of US$150 million in 2008. Sify Technologies (www. sifycorp. com) is a pioneer and leader in the Internet, networking, and e-Commerce services in India and serves more than 1500 corporate and 600,000 retail consumers. We are proud to be the preferred eLearning vendor to many Fortune 100 companies. 1. 3. 2EVERONN EDUCATION LIMITED Everonn is one of the leading educational companies in India. Everonn today is the largest VSAT education network in the World. Everonn is listed in both the NSE and BSE. With a firm belief that technology-enabled learning can truly nullify social and economic boundaries, Everonn’s achievements have helped millions of students achieve their dreams. From its pioneering VSAT-enabled virtual and interactive classrooms to its emphasis on offering only the highest-quality content to students, Everonn’s quest for excellence has enabled the company to repeatedly break new grounds in the Indian education industry. Everonn’s commitment to a better standard of education is the guiding principle behind all its activities, from making Pre-school toddlers school ready to enhancing the employability of college students and providing the best entrance exam guidance in the nation. 1. 4PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED The Research titled namely â€Å"A Study on Employee attitude Leadership Style† is a research study conducted among various managers in different functional areas in Sify Software Limited Everonn Education Limited. In this research study, the researcher has made an attempt to identify the various styles followed by leaders due to different behavior among employees. The study mainly focus on the various attitudes of employee’s in different groups and its impact of the performance if individual, group or team organization. Further, the study also focuses on finding out the significant relationship between the attitude of employees and its impact of completion of module, work, deadlines, and target. This study is limited to the managers working at Sify Software Limited Everonn Education Limited. 1. 5NEED FOR THE STUDY The need for the study is to bring out the various attitude of employee in different groups and its impact on the performance of individual, group or team organization. This research study is restricted to employees working in Sify Software limited Everonn Education Limited. Generally employees working in any software companies are from different background in the sense they are from different regions, different culture, language, belief, Qualification, religion, communities etc. , which generally varies from the employees working in other sectors. This difference in attitude of employees is a very big challenge for software companies since it leads to many conflicts among the employees that affect the conducive working environment of the organization. In this study the researcher mainly focuses on changes in attitude of employees and the level of impact on their performance. Further the researcher has made an attempt to analyze the change in leadership behavior due to changes in employee attitude. In addition, the study will also be helpful in finding out the significant relationship between the attitude of employees and its impact on completion of module, work, deadlines, and target. 1. 6OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 1. 6. 1PRIMARY OBJECTIVE 1. To study the changes in attitude of employees and the behavioral changes of leadership at Sify software limited Everonn Education Limited. 1. 6. 2SECONDARY OBJECTIVES 1. To identify and analyze the relationship between employee attitude and leadership behavior in Sify Software Limited Everonn Education Limited. 2. To analyze the level of impact of leadership behavior on the team and performance of team. 3. To find out various ways to improve the attitude of people towards organizational commitments. 4. To identify the relationship between the attitude of employees and their performance towards their job. 1. 7SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study may help to find out the style to be adapted by leadership that may help them to effectively control the attitude of employees and also it helps to influence the workers and to extract work from them. This study may show the various characteristics of employees and its impact on the performance. Generally employees working in any software companies are from different background in the sense they are from different regions, different culture, language, belief, Qualification, religion, communities etc. , which generally varies from the employees working in other sectors. This difference in attitude of employees is a very big challenge for software companies since it leads to many conflicts among the employees that affect the conducive working environment of the organization. In this study the researcher mainly focuses on changes in attitude of employees and the level of impact on their performance. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY 2. 1REVIEW OF LITERATURE ?Attitudes are not the same as values. Attitudes are evaluative statements –either favorable or unfavorable concerning objects people, or events. Employee values, attitudes, and leadership behavior play a very important role in enhancing employee work motivation and performance. Employee work values, attitudes and leadership behavior can carefully be adjusted to produce a strong impact on employee work motivation. It would, therefore, be interesting to examine the precise nature of their roles in influencing the intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation of employees. ?Leadership Theory Leadership Styles: Leaders and followers each have different traits, values and levels of motivation. Theories that explain leadership effectiveness in terms of situational moderator variables are called contingency theories of leadership (Yukl 2006). Fiedler’s (1964) contingency model of leadership effectiveness is contingent upon the interaction of leadership style and situational favorableness (Liu et al. 2003). Thus, leader effectiveness is the product of many variables related to the followers, the task, and the organization (Tatum, et. al. , 2003). Transformational leadership theory emphasizes longer-term and vision-based motivational processes (Bass Avolio, 1997; Liu et al, 2003) and attempts to capture the emotional and symbolic aspects of leadership, helping researchers understand how leaders influence followers and motivate them to make self-sacrifices, putting the needs of the mission or organization above materialistic self-interests (Yukl, 2006). Researchers have found that most managers believe there is no single universal style of leadership applicable in all situations (Yun, Cox, and Sims, Jr. , 2006; Lord et al. , 2001). For example, a task-oriented leadership style may be most appropriate where a job involves psychologically immature or inexperienced workers; whereas, a relations-oriented leadership style may be most appropriate where workers are highly experienced and can be trusted to work autonomously (Tatum, et. al. , 2003). ?Group Types: Yukl (2006) defines several types of teams that can be found within an organization; two such teams include: Functional and Cross-Functional. Yukl (2006) provides the following about each team: â€Å"Functional teams are characterized by members of an organization with specialized jobs but are all part of the same basic function (e. g. maintenance, quality, etc. ). These teams operate for a long duration of time with membership that is relatively stable. Cross-Functional teams are characterized by members from a combination of functional subunits (e. g. quality, production, sales, and maintenance) working together on projects that require joint problem-solving skills. These teams operate until their task is completed. Membership may be stable over the life of the team or it may change as some functions increase/decrease in importance†. Leadership Credibility: Credibility is the foundation of leadership, and employees want their leaders to be honest, inspiring, competent, and forward looking (Kouzes and Posner, 2000). The credible leader must be seen as well informed and worthy of belief (Stoner, 1989). Credibility n urtures collaborative, cooperative relationships where employees assume responsibility for accomplishing work-related objectives voluntarily (Gabris Ihrke, 1996). For credibility to exist there must be trust between leader and follower (Kouzes Posner, 2000). Leadership credibility deals with perceived believability toward the leader-supervisor as someone an employee can trust in a supervisor-subordinate relationship (Gabris Ihrke, 1996). Organizational Justice: Organizational justice theory is intimately tied to leadership and decision processes (Tatum, et. al, 2003) and is based on the idea that a set of justice rules is used by individuals to evaluate fair treatment; and the extent to which those rules are satisfied or violated determines perceptions of justice or injustice (Mayer, et al. , 2007). Procedural justice refers to the perceived fairness of the methods used to make organizational decisions (Tepper, et. al. , 2006; Bauer, et al, 2001). In procedural justice, employees are concerned about whether the decision process is fair and the process used to determine the outcome was just (Fernandes Awamleh, 2006). Perceptions of fair procedures enhance employee acceptance of organizational outcomes (Latham Pinder, 2005), lead to organizational commitment (Lind Tyler, 1988) and satisfaction at the individual level (De Cremer, 2007). Shared perceptions of justice at the group level are positively related to satisfaction and commitment to the organization (Mayer, et al. , 2007). Just outcomes signal to employees that they are valued by the organization (Tyler Lind, 1992). Individuals experience procedural injustice when they are denied voice and decision control (Tepper, et. al. , 2006). Interactional justice is defined as the interpersonal treatment people receive as procedures are enacted (Bies Moag, 1986; Colquitt, 2001). Interactional justice is concerned with how information is communicated and whether individuals affected by a decision are treated with respect and dignity (Fernandes Awamleh, 2006). ?Group Commitment: Commitment is believed to affect organizational performance (Fiorito, et al. , 2007) and outcomes such as job satisfaction (Williams Hazer, 1986). Commitment is strongly influenced by leadership (Kouzes Posner, 2000). When employees feel unfairly treated, they may respond affectively with low commitment (Latham Pinder, 2005). The effect of leadership style on group interaction depends on both the consistency of the leadership style and the attitude group members have toward the leadership style (Kahai, Sosik, Avolio, 1997). Describing the task in a way that links it to member values and ideals, explaining why a project or task is important, involving members in planning strategies for attaining the objectives, and empowering members to find creative solutions to problems (Yukl, 2006). If members see leadership as legitimate, they should remain more attached to the team and exert more effort to benefit it (Colquitt, Noe, Jackson, 2002). ?It is readily accepted that organizational change impacts employees in a variety of ways (French, Bell, Zawacki, 2000). Consequently, the impact of organizational change on employee attitudes has received considerable research attention (e. g. Gardner, Dunham, Cummings, Pierce, 1987; Griffin, 1997; Lines, 2004; Saari Judge, 2004; Schweiger DeNisi, 1991). Research indicates that employee attitudes are related to how individuals perceive or react to change (Mossholder, Settoon, Armenakis, Harris, 2000). This is important since positive perceptions of change can enhan ce the implementation of these organizational initiatives (Lines, 2004; Armenakis, Harris, Feild, 1999). In this study, employee attitudes are investigated when organizational change is caused by the introduction of new technology. As depicted in Figure 1, salient attitudes of interest include job satisfaction, organizational commitment, intent to turnover, and job stress. The most-used research definition of job satisfaction is by Locke (1976), who defined it as â€Å". . . a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experiences† (p. 1304). Implicit in Locke’s definition is the importance of both affect, or feeling, and cognition, or thinking. When we think, we have feelings about what we think. Conversely, when we have feelings, we think about what we feel. Cognition and affect are thus inextricably linked, in our psy-chology and even in our biology. Thus, when evaluating our jobs, as when we assess most anything important to us, both thinking and feeling are involved. Continuing this theoretical development, Judge and his colleagues (Judge Bono, 2001; Judge, Locke, Durham, Kluger, 1998) found that a key personality trait, core self-evaluation, correlates with (is statistically related to) employee job satisfaction. They also found that one of the primary causes of the relationship was through the perception of the job itself. Thus, it appears that the most important situational effect on job satisfaction—the job itself—is linked to what may be the most important personality trait to predict job satisfaction—core self-evaluation. Evidence also indicates that some other personality traits, such as extra-version and conscientiousness, can also influence job satisfaction (Judge, Heller, Mount, 2002) In the research literature, the two most extensively validated employee attitude survey measures are the Job Descriptive Index (JDI; Smith, Kendall, Hulin, 1969) and the Mi nnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ; Weiss, Dawis, England, Lofquist, 1967). The JDI assesses satisfaction with five different job areas: pay, promotion, coworkers, supervision, and the work itself. The JDI is reliable and has an impressive array of validation evidence. The MSQ has the advantage of versatility—long and short forms are available, as well as faceted and overall measures. Another measure used in job satisfaction research (e. g. , Judge, Erez, Bono, Thoresen, in press) is an updated and reliable five-item version of an earlier scale by Brayfield and Rothe (1951). All of these measures have led to greater scientific understanding of employee attitudes, and their greatest value may be for research purposes, yet these measures may be useful for practitioners as well. In practice, organizations often wish to obtain a more detailed assessment of employee attitudes and/or customize their surveys to assess issues unique to their firm. ?Job satisfaction is one of the most extensively researched work-related attitudes (Loscocco Roschelle, 1991). Saari and Judge (2004), however, observed that HR practitioners lack thorough knowledge of job satisfaction and related antecedents. Job satisfaction is operationally defined as an individuals assessment of the degree to which their work-related values have been achieved (Locke, 1969; Locke, 1976). Research suggests that organizational change has a discernable impact on job satisfaction (see, for example, Ferguson Cheyne, 1995) which is associated with organizational citizenship behaviors that are beneficial to organizational effectiveness (Organ, 1990). ?Organizational commitment is also a frequently studied job attitude (Lines, 2004; Loscocco Roschelle, 1991). Definitions and conceptualizations of the organizational commitment construct are numerous and diverse. Morrow (1983) observed at least 25 different conceptualizations of organizational commitment. Despite this diversity, OReilly and Chatman (1986), among others, suggest that psychological attachment to an organization is a theme underlying most conceptualizations of organizational commitment. Of particular interest in this study is the relationship between affective organizational commitment and reactions to the organizational changes since individuals with high levels of affective commitment tend to exert extraordinary effort on behalf of an organization (Porter, Steers, Mowday, Boulian, 1974). In addition, individuals with high levels of affective commitment are likely to remain with an organization because they want to remain with the organization (Porter et al. , 1974), not because they have no other alternatives or because of social pressure. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3. 1PROPOSED METHODOLOGY 3. 1. 1FOR EMPLOYEES The Researcher has proposed to use Qualitative and Analytical type of research. The Researcher has proposed to use Qualitative type of research, to assess the behavior of various employees in different teams which has an impact on overall performance of the team. The Researcher has also proposed to use Analytical type of result to analyze the effect of behavior on their individual performance towards their relationship with peers etc. 3. 1. 2FOR MANAGERS To assess the changes in leadership behavior due to changes in employee attitude, the Researcher has used the same Qualitative and Analytical type of research design. 3. 2RESEARCH DESIGN The research design is the blue print for fulfilling objectives and answering questions of specific research problem. A research design is purely and simply the framework a plan for a study that guides the collection and analysis of the data. The research designs used in this project are listed below. 3. 2. 1 DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH To describe the characteristics of certain groups e. g. users of a product with different age, sex etc. , to determine whether certain variables are associated e. g. , age and usage of a product. 3. 2. 2 ANALYTICAL RESEARCH To analyze the behavior of employees and its impact of deadline productivity. 3. 3DATA COLLECTION METHOD In this study the researcher has proposed to use both Primary and secondary data. 3. 3. 1PRIMARY DATA Primary data will be collected through a structured Questionnaire from the target respondents.